世新大學九十一學年度轉學考試試題

年級	系所別	考試科目
二	經濟學系	經濟學

※ 考生請於答案卷內作答

____1、A person has a comparative advantage in producing a particular good if that person

(a) has higher productivity in producing it than anyone else has.

(b) can produce it at lower opportunity cost than anyone else can.

(c) has less desire to consume that good than anyone else has.

(d) has more human capital related to that good than anyone else has.

____2、Demand is inelastic if

(a) large shifts of the supply curve cause only small changes in price.

(b) the good in question has close substitutes.

(c) a leftward shift of the supply curve raises the total revenue.

(d) the angle between the vertical axis and the demand curve is less than 45 degrees.

____3、The less elastic the supply, the

(a) less likely the government is to tax the product.

(b) less likely the government is to impose a price ceiling.

(c) larger the fraction of any tax imposed on the product that is paid by the suppliers.

(d) less elastic the demand.

____4.、Of the following, the one that is NOT generally a transaction cost is the

(a) fee to a broker for buying stocks.

(b) cost of a lawyer who drafts a contract.

(c) cost of phone calls made to find a buyer.

(d) cost of the owner’s time in a proprietorship.

____5.、The marginal cost curve

(a) shows the maximum piece that a producer must receive to induce it to produce a unit of a good or service.

(b) shows the minimum price sellers must receive to produce a unit of a good or service.

(c) is the same as the demand curve.

(d) shows what buy are willing to give up to get one unit of a good or service.

____6.、The law of diminishing returns states that as

(a) the size of a plant increases, the firm’s fixed cost decreases.

(b) the size of a plant increases, the firm’s fixed cost increases.

(c) a firm uses more of a variable input, given the quantity of fixed inputs; the marginal product of the variable input eventually diminishes.

(d) a firm users more of a variable input, given the quantity of fixed inputs, the firm’s average total cost will decrease eventually.

____7.、In the long run, a monopolistically competitive firm’s economic profits are

zero because of

(a) product differentiation.

(b) The lack of barriers to entry.

(c) Excess capacity.

(d) The downward-sloping demand curve of each firm.

____8.、The measured unemployment rate does not fall as much as one might expect when output increases because as the economy expands,

(a) more people leave the labor force.

(b) firms want to hire additional workers.

(c) more people find jobs.

(d) more people enter the labor force.

____9.、If real output increased by 5% and during the same period the population increased by 3%, real GDP per capita grew at a rate of

(a) 0.6%

(b) 1.67%

(c) 2%

(d) 8%

____10.、Suppose the interest rate is 5% per year. The present value if $210 to be received one year from today is

(a) $200.0

(b) $210.0

(c) $215.0

(d) $220.5

____11.、How an increase in the price level affects planned expenditure?

(a) Since real wealth decreases, consumption expenditure decreases.

(b) Because the current prices rise relative to future prices, consumption expenditure increases.

(c) Because the domestic prices rise relative to foreign prices, net exports increase.

(d) Because the real interest rate rises, consumption expenditure increases.

____12.、The quantity theory of money asserts that sustained increases in the price level are caused by sustained increases in

(a) potential GDP.

(b) the quantity of money.

(c) the natural rate of unemployment.

(d) money wages.

____13.、Which of the followings are incorrect?

(a) The CPI tends to overstate inflation because it omits some quality improvements.

(b) The purchase of a new personal computer by the state government is counted as part of this year’s GDP.

(c) The spending of financial assets is part of final expenditure and so is part of GDP.

(d) Because pollution reduces economic welfare, real GDP overstates economic welfare.

____14.、The gains from trade enable a country to

(a) produce outside its production possibility frontier.

(b) consume inside its production possibility frontier.

(c) produce inside its production possibility frontier.

(d) consume outside its production possibility frontier.

____15.、An increase in the United States interest rate will cause the demand for NT dollars to ____ and the NT dollars to ____.

(a) increase; appreciate.

(b) increase; depreciate.

(c) decrease; appreciate.

(d) decrease; depreciate.

二、名詞解釋（每題5分，共20分）

1、需求的所得彈性（income elasticity of demand）

2、規模經濟（economies of scale）

3、公開市場操作（open market operation）

4、通貨緊縮（deflation）

三、（10分）每年西洋情人節時，玫瑰花與巧克力總是熱門商品。但和以玫瑰花價格會顯著提高而巧克力價格仍維持在一般水準？請分析之。

四、（10分）小花、小雲與小陽合夥經營鎮裡唯一的一家照片沖洗店。小花設定的目標為，只要不賠錢，銷售量愈多愈好，小雲設定的目標為，收益愈大愈好，小陽則設定以追求最大利潤為目標。請以一個獨占廠商的定價圖形，橫軸為數量，縱軸為價格，先繪出負斜率的市場需求曲線與沖洗照片的成本曲線，再分別標示並說明三位合夥人心目中最適價格與數量的組合。

五、（15分）何謂外部性？如何區別公共財與私有財？何以搭便車問題容易出現在公共財而非私有財？

六、（15分）假設目前經濟景氣仍屬低迷，中央銀行急欲以寬鬆的貸幣政策刺激景氣。

1. 請問中央銀行有何貨幣政策工具？

2. 為達到增加貨幣數量的目的，中央銀行應如何操縱上述工具？至少說明三項。

3. 何以寬鬆的貨幣政策被視為是一項可以使景氣復甦的政策？